outside the ISS during a spacewalk. An "Early Comm" existed on ISS, but the S-band and the Ku-Band Subsystems replaced it. The Audio subsystem distributes voice and "Caution & Warning" tones onboard the ISS. The S-band subsystem transmits voice, files, commands, and telemetry between the ISS and the Mission Control Center Houston (MCC-H) via the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). Ms. Noora also mentioned using a UHF subsystem to provide voice and data communication between the ISS, the Orbiter, and the Extravehicular Activities (EVA) suited crewmembers. The Video Distribution System (VDS) distributes video onboard the station, on fiber optic-analog lines, and interfaces with the Ku-band Subsystem to send video to the ground stations.

The online workshop was attended by many students, faculty members, and the general public. This special lecture can be checked online through the following link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcWB1MT6UlI